Which type of olive is better?

The answer to "which type of olive is better?" depends on what you are buying it for. An olive destined for the breakfast table and one destined for oil are judged on different traits; what matters in one is irrelevant in the other.

This page sets out which type serves which purpose.

First the basic split: table or oil?

Most of Turkey's production is oil varieties, but what the consumer sees is mostly table olives.

Some varieties are dual purpose: Memecik goes to both oil and table, and makes up 45% of Turkey's tree stock.

Choosing by use

For black olives at breakfast

Gemlik is the common choice — high flesh ratio, thin skin. Alternative: Uslu.

For green olives at breakfast

Domat or Sarı Ulak. Large fruit, firm flesh.

For stuffed olives (pepper, almond)

Domat — at 7.96 g it takes pitting and filling well.

For cooking or frying oil

The grade matters more than the variety: extra virgin or refined blend. Detail: difference between olive oil grades.

For salads and cold use

Varieties with pronounced aroma come forward: Ayvalık (Edremit) oil is preferred here.

Are green and black the same olive?

In most cases yes — the same fruit at a different ripeness:

• Green: picked early, higher in bitterness and polyphenols, firm in texture
• Black: picked fully ripe, higher in oil, milder in taste

Some varieties are mainly used one way though: Domat comes forward green, Gemlik black.

⚠ One exception: not every olive that looks black ripened naturally. Green olives can be blackened by oxidation; that product does not carry the composition of a naturally black olive.

A short regional map

• Marmara: Gemlik — black table
• Northern Aegean (Balıkesir, Çanakkale): Ayvalık — oil
• Southern Aegean (Aydın, Muğla, İzmir): Memecik — dual purpose
• Manisa/Akhisar: Domat, Uslu — table
• Southeast (Gaziantep, Kilis, Hatay): Kilis Yağlık, Nizip Yağlık, Halhalı — oil
• Mediterranean (Mersin, Adana): Sarı Ulak, Adana Topağı — table

Full list with tree-stock shares: olive varieties.

Frequently asked

Can one variety serve both oil and table?

Yes — that is exactly why Memecik is so widespread. But varieties focused on a single purpose do that job better.

Are imported varieties better?

No. Arbequina and Manzanilla are common world varieties grown in Turkey too; climate, grove and processing decide the result.