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• The energy burned at the field edge: olive pruning residue

  One olive tree yields 33.6 kg of prunings a year. Across 177.8 million trees that is 6 million tonnes of residue and 54.11 PJ of energy — equivalent to 1.57 billion m³ of natural gas.

  The same scene plays out in every grove each winter: pruning finishes, branches pile up at the field edge, and a few weeks later they are …

• Olive Leaf Tea: How to Make It and Its Limits

  Tea from leaves left over after pruning: gathering, drying, brewing — and the health claims worth resisting.

  The leaves that come off with every pruning have been put to use around the Mediterranean for centuries. This page covers the practice of turning them …

• Olive knot: galls, warts and a bacterium that enters through wounds

  The bacterial canker among olive tree diseases that enters through wounds: galls and warts. Pole harvest and pruning errors spread it.

  … and fruit fall. - **Large galls that wrap the branch along cracks** come from **pole strikes, hail wounds and pruning errors**. In other words, the big …

• Olive Leaf and Olive Leaf Tea

  The leaves left over from pruning need not be thrown away. What olive leaf contains, how the tea is made, and the limits worth respecting.

  … tree gives more than fruit. The leaves that come off with every pruning have been put to use around the Mediterranean for centuries — as animal …

• How to Grow an Olive Tree

  Soil, climate, watering, pruning and patience. A basic care guide for anyone planting an olive tree.

  … tree needs support only through long droughts. **Overwatering** dilutes the fruit and lowers oil content. ## Pruning Pruning an olive serves three purposes: 1. **Letting light …

• Iced Olive Leaf Tea

  A summer drink from leaves left over after pruning: cold-brewed, with lemon and mint.

  Boil the water, take it off the heat and wait a minute (about 90 °C). Pour over the leaves, cover and steep for 8-10 minutes. ⚠ Do not boil; a long boil raises …

• The Olive Sector in Turkey: Structure, Exports and Challenges

  Production, exports, business structure and price: the Turkish olive sector in figures, and where the chain breaks.

  … does the product pass through? LinkWhoWhat they do 1. GrowerFarmer, grove ownerTending, pruning, harvest. Mostly small-scale; a family with a few hundred trees is common. 2. …

• The Olive Calendar: The Olive Year Month by Month

  When to prune, when it flowers, which olives are picked when — the year of the tree and the grower, month by month.

  … this is the period of highest frost risk, and young saplings are protected. ## February — Pruning Once the danger of frost has passed, pruning begins. …

• Olive wood: why spoons and not beams?

  At 0.86 g/cm³ air-dried it is denser than walnut, yet its modulus of elasticity of 4,444 N/mm² is less than half walnut's. It resists crushing but not bending.

  … energy value — six million tonnes a year: [the energy burned at the field edge](/en/olive-pruning-biomass-potential). ## In short Olive wood is **heavy (0.86 g/cm³ air-dried), strong …

• Edremit's monumental olives: four old trees, measured

  At an estimated 1,100 years and a 7.20 m girth, Kavaktarla is Edremit's oldest olive. All four are hollowed and galled, none is registered, and the real threat is that they are still in production.

  … time On the galls, see [olive knot](/en/olive-knot-disease) — this bacterial disease enters through pruning wounds and produces exactly this kind of swelling. In a tree pruned …

• Olive anthracnose: the disease of the mummified fruit left on the branch

  Up to 50% crop loss in bad years. The source is last year's mummified fruit still on the branch, and the spray goes on before the autumn rains, not after.

  … short Anthracnose is **the disease of autumn rain**, and its source is last year's mummified fruit still on the branch. Clearing that source — collecting fallen …

• Other olive pests: jasmine moth, psyllid and olive scale

  Three olive pests overshadowed by the fruit fly: the jasmine moth on tender shoots, the cottony psyllid, and olive scale.

  … is widespread in **every olive region** of Türkiye. ### Control - Irrigate, fertilise and prune to good practice; **pruning debris must be destroyed**. - ⚠ **If …

• Olive black scale and sooty mould: the H on its back

  The olive pest behind sooty mould: a scale with an H on its back. Losses of 60-70%; if parasitism tops 50%, do not spray.

  … words, before spraying you measure **the parasitism rate**. Above 50%, no spray. ## The cultural measure: pruning For this pest the most effective tool is not …

• Verticillium wilt: the disease that kills the tree and has no cure

  The olive tree disease that kills: it survives over 10 years in the soil, blocks the vessels, and has no effective chemical control.

  … and soil analysis**; **avoid excess nitrogen** (rapid growth increases susceptibility). - **No flood irrigation, no over-watering; use drip irrigation.** - ⚠ **Never intercrop** — it raises …

• Olive peacock spot: symptoms and a region-by-region spray calendar

  The commonest of olive tree diseases: concentric rings on the leaf, shedding, a shrubby tree. Yield falls 20-25%; spray timing varies by region.

  … the sea**. - The core of cultural control: **pruning for airflow** and **destroying fallen spotted leaves**. - The spray calendar **varies by region**: two applications in …

• What does a kilo of olives cost? The cost sheet of 152 Aegean farms

  Land rent is 37.70% of cost, harvest 16.90%. In table olives 73% of processing cost is rejected fruit; in oil, 94% is the fruit itself.

  … Fertiliser7.27Variable Interest on working capital3.68Variable Crop protection3.08Variable Annual depreciation of the grove2.80Fixed Irrigation1.78Variable Other (admin, tax, insurance, guarding)5.83Mixed Two items account for **more than half** of …

• Twenty trees per decare, or 250? The density debate

  15-25 trees per decare in Türkiye, 200-300 in super-intensive systems. Payback falls from 15 years to 8 — but the densest is not the most profitable.

  … increases, and pruning and irrigation become obligatory. Past a point, each added tree eats into the yield of the ones before it. The logic of super-intensive …

• The economics of caliber: how fruit size triples the price

  160 TL at caliber 18, 55 TL at caliber 41. Fruit size is price — and the cooperative pays 16% above the exchange average.

  … 41 is the return on decisions made in the grove — not something that can be fixed on picking day. **Falling below the table threshold is …

• Felling an olive grove: the arithmetic of a ten-year decision

  The ten-year cost of clearing a grove for another crop: establishment, years to bearing and forgone income, per decare.

  … **Landscape and tourism value** — in some areas the grove itself is an attraction. None of these is counted. So **158,476 lira is the lower bound …

• Exchange volume is not the harvest: what the 2023 record actually recorded

  10,597 tonnes registered in 2023, down to 3,227 the next season. Harvest collapse or a change of channel? The data cannot tell them apart.

  … read two years at a time. Looking at a single season and declaring a collapse or a record presents the tree's normal behaviour as an extraordinary …

• The Olive Harvest: When and How

  Early harvest or late? The timing of picking directly determines the oil's acidity, polyphenols and yield.

  … also shows **alternate bearing**: a heavy year is followed by a light one. Pruning and feeding soften that swing without removing it. After the harvest comes …