Soma Olive Oil: how a cooler climate lifts yield in a lignite basin
Registered in 2023. Mean temperature 15.3 °C; the certificate ties that relative coolness to yields reaching 796 kg/da. Free acidity 0.18-0.55.
Olives like warmth, but not too much of it. The certificate for Soma Olive Oil sets out that balance in figures: the district's relative coolness lifts the yield.
The record
| Registration no | 1436 |
| Registration date | 04.08.2023 |
| Protection from | 30.07.2021 |
| Type | Geographical indication |
| Registered by | Soma District Governorship |
| Area | The Soma district of Manisa |
| Cultivars | Edremit Yağlık and Gemlik |
Climate and yield
| Measurement | Value |
|---|---|
| Annual rainfall | 652.4 mm |
| Mean annual temperature | 15.3 °C |
| Yield | up to 796.22 kg/da |
The link the certificate draws is explicit: the relatively low temperature allows the cold-hardy Edremit Yağlık and Gemlik cultivars to yield up to 796.22 kg/da.
Soma has a semi-humid Mediterranean climate: mild winters, hot dry summers. Rainfall is sufficient for olives.
Fruit measurements
The certificate gives two columns (for the two cultivars):
| Criterion | I | II |
|---|---|---|
| Fruit length (mm) | 15.78 – 21.15 | 20.66 – 21.21 |
| Fruit width (mm) | 15.16 – 16.98 | 16.62 – 16.94 |
| Flesh weight (g) | 2.52 – 3.44 | 3.03 – 3.54 |
| Flesh ratio (%) | 79.71 – 81.75 | 82.03 – 83.49 |
| Flesh-to-stone ratio | 4.02 – 4.82 | 4.66 – 5.38 |
| Fruits per 100 g | 25.88 – 32.69 | 25.46 – 28.41 |
| Oil content (%) | 22.4 – 27.5 | 25.5 – 33.2 |
Properties of the oil
| Criterion | Value |
|---|---|
| Free acidity | 0.18 – 0.55 |
| Peroxide | 3.20 – 8.70 meq/kg |
| E232 | 1.20 – 2.14 |
| E270 | 0 – 0.13 |
| Delta E | 0.001 – 0.003 |
| Total biophenols | 163 – 229 mg/kg |
Peroxide of 3.20-8.70 is very low against a codex ceiling of 20. Free acidity reaching as low as 0.18 is likewise the mark of fresh, quickly processed oil.
In short
Soma Olive Oil is a registration that puts numbers on the relationship between climate and yield: a mean of 15.3 °C, two cold-hardy cultivars, and yields up to 796 kg/da. On the oil side, low acidity and low peroxide stand out.
Source: Turkish Patent and Trademark Office, Geographical Indication Registration Certificate No 1436 — Soma Zeytinyağı.
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