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• The economics of caliber: how fruit size triples the price

  160 TL at caliber 18, 55 TL at caliber 41. Fruit size is price — and the cooperative pays 16% above the exchange average.

  … measure different things, and the gap between them is instructive. ## What is caliber? In table olives, **caliber** (or *barem* in Turkish) is the count of …

• How many kilos of olives does one tree yield?

  Türkiye averaged 13.5 kilos per tree in the 2025/26 season. But the average describes nobody's grove: 20.3 kilos in İzmir, 3.5 kilos in Şanlıurfa. The same grove does not repeat its own number either — across six major provinces, per-tree yield went from 22.6 kilos one season to 8 kilos the next. Here is what the figure actually depends on, and how to place your own tree against it.

  … means nothing. **Planting distance.** Ten trees per decare is not the same as a hundred. In high-density planting, yield per tree falls while yield per decare …

• What does crop insurance cover for olives, and what does it cost?

  Olives can be insured twice: for the crop and for the tree. Under TARSİM's 2026 tariff the hail package runs from 0.67% to 6.22% for oil olives and 1.44% to 13.52% for table olives, while frost cover sits on its own tariff and is optional. What a claim pays is set by the deductible and coinsurance: 60% frost damage on the standard option pays 35% of the sum insured.

  … commercial grade, and because [caliber and appearance translate directly into price](/en/the-economics-of-caliber-fruit-size-and-price), the monetary loss is larger. The tariff prices that at close to double the rate. …

• Orhangazi's crop is doubling: the oil olive share climbs from 10% to 40%

  According to figures from the Orhangazi District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, last season's crop of roughly 35,000 tonnes could double this year. But in Türkiye's table olive heartland the real shift is in the split: the share pressed for oil is expected to rise from 10% to 40%. Mills are already in maintenance, and the grower's income now depends on fruit size.

  … the table grades, and the only remaining outlet is the oil mill. That is the mechanism behind the jump from 10 to 40 percent: what the …

• Marmarabirlik opens crop declarations on 21 September: no declaration, no purchase

  Crop declarations for the 2026-27 business year open on 21 September and close on 23 October at cooperatives affiliated with Marmarabirlik, Türkiye's largest table olive cooperative union. Members who do not file cannot sell to the cooperative, and the declared figure is a binding commitment covering oil olives too. In Orhangazi some 300 members are close to expulsion under the union's fifty-percent delivery rule.

  … price is a separate argument; we looked at why a floor price is being debated while the harvest forecast climbs in [harvest forecast and the minimum …

• Green olive harvest begins in Málaga: 2.5 to 3 million kilos expected for Aloreña

  Table olive harvesting has begun in Spain's Málaga province with better prospects after years of drought. The protected-origin Aloreña de Málaga is expected to yield 2.5 to 3 million kilos, and trees are heavily laden with Hojiblanca, which supplies more than 90 per cent of the province's table olives. September heat, however, is shrivelling fruit on rain-fed land.

  … fill out the fruit and make up the loss; a dry, hot October could pull today's optimistic estimates down. ## Why it matters for Türkiye Spain …

• The Gemlik Olive designation of origin: what the certificate says

  Turkey's first registered olive (2005, no 76). The certificate defines four districts, three cultivars, four curing methods and seven size grades — all of them binding.

  … in January and 6.8 °C in February — suitable for the plant's chilling requirement. In May, the flowering month, the average minimum is 16.9 °C, and …

• Where is quality lost in table olives?

  Variety choice, harvest technique, fermentation control, sterilisation and the pre-packing check are each a separate point of loss. The structural problem is scale and inspection.

  … economics of calibre](/en/the-economics-of-caliber-fruit-size-and-price). ## Harvest: timing and method both decide Harvest is far more delicate for table olives than for oil. Three things must hold together: …

• Marmarabirlik purchase prices: what the grower actually receives in Marmara

  The 2025/2026 season: 160 ₺ for calibre 18, 55 ₺ for calibre 41, 53 ₺ for oil fruit. Size alone changes the price 2.9×, and the union buys down to calibre 41 where the market stops at 28.

  … fruit size changes the price](/en/the-economics-of-caliber-fruit-size-and-price) ## The gap between oil and table On the same list, **olives for oil fetch 53 lira**. So there is almost …

• Karamürsel Su olive: characteristics, oil content and growing areas

  The largest fruit on the list: only 140 per kilo. Marmara's own distinctive table variety.

  … **more than threefold** — see [the economics of calibre](/en/the-economics-of-caliber-fruit-size-and-price). But size alone is not enough. In table processing the flesh-to-stone ratio and how easily the stone …

• Memeli olive: characteristics, oil content and growing areas

  The highest flesh ratio on the list at 89%. Low in oil, but with one of the smallest stones.

  … but **each kilo may be worth less**. The arithmetic: [the economics of calibre](/en/the-economics-of-caliber-fruit-size-and-price). ## A confusion of names In some localities Memeli is called **Kırma**. Because …

• Olive growing in Marmara: the home of the table olive

  The table olive's home is not the Aegean but Marmara: 80% of the region's crop is Gemlik. The reason is climate.

  … table olives [size translates straight into price](/en/the-economics-of-caliber-fruit-size-and-price). Bursa leads southern Marmara **by tree count**. The province's highest production varies by year but falls in the districts …

• The olive fruit fly: sting thresholds, traps and a control calendar

  The olive pest that costs most: losses of 15-30% if left alone. Sting threshold 1% for table varieties, 3-4% for oil.

  … The intervention threshold — the heart of the matter This is the single most important figure in the technical instruction. **You spray because a threshold was …

• The nameless olives of southeast Anatolia: Mardin, Şırnak and the pollinator problem

  Kumçatı and Derik genotypes beat Ayvalık and Gemlik on flesh ratio. Yuvarlak halhalı sets only 0.43% of its flowers with its own pollen.

  … Gemlik (85.36%). The fruit is small, but so is the stone; the edible share is higher. The study's own recommendation is that **Kızıltepe, pomologically the closest …

• What does a kilo of olives cost? The cost sheet of 152 Aegean farms

  Land rent is 37.70% of cost, harvest 16.90%. In table olives 73% of processing cost is rejected fruit; in oil, 94% is the fruit itself.

  … means not only a higher price but less waste. Salt and chemicals — the brine itself — are only 4.91% of cost. A table olive's cost …

• Was it six times? Seven years of the table olive gap

  How many times the oil price does a table olive fetch? Over seven years the ratio ranged 1.43 to 3.46, never below 1.