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Güney Ege Olive Oils: a designation of origin across three provinces

Registration no 79, published in the Official Gazette in 2004, covers more than thirty-three districts across İzmir, Aydın and Muğla. The reasoning is not administrative but varietal: the region holds almost all of Türkiye's Memecik trees.

Güney Ege Olive Oils: a designation of origin across three provinces
Zeytin.NET editorial desk Olive Oil 6 min read

Türkiye's olive oil registrations usually cover a district, sometimes a gulf. Güney Ege Zeytinyağları covers three provinces and more than thirty districts — one of the widest geographical areas among our olive oil designations of origin.

The record

Registration no79
ApplicationC2003/016 · 29.04.2003
Publication29.07.2004 · Official Gazette 25537
TypeDesignation of origin (PDO)
Registered byS.S. Tariş Olive and Olive Oil Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Union
CultivarMemecik

The registration dates from the era of Decree-Law 555 on the Protection of Geographical Indications, before today's Industrial Property Law 6769. That makes it one of Türkiye's oldest olive oil registrations.

Three provinces, thirty-three districts

The geographical area in the document, province by province:

ProvinceDistricts
İzmirFoça, Menemen, Kemalpaşa, Ödemiş, Tire, Torbalı, Bayındır, Selçuk
AydınKuşadası, Ortaklar, Germencik, Erbeyli, İncirliova, Köşk, Nazilli, Kuyucak, Atça, Sultanhisar, Buharkent, Yenipazar, Koçarlı, Söke, Dalama, Çine, Bozdoğan
MuğlaMilas, Yatağan, Bodrum, Fethiye, Ortaca, Köyceğiz, Marmaris, Dalaman

Such breadth might look like a weakness — the logic of a geographical indication is to narrow. But the justification here is the cultivar: the region holds almost the whole of Türkiye's Memecik tree stock. The boundary is not administrative but the cultivar's actual range.

Memecik: named after the tip of its fruit

Defining the cultivar, the document gives its most distinctive feature in one phrase: the nipple-like protrusion at the tip of the fruit. The fruit is large and oval, its tip curving slightly to one side — asymmetric.

The cultivar's origin is recorded as Muğla. Locally it goes by several names: Taş arası, Aşıyeli, Gülümbe, Şehir, Yağlık are all the same cultivar. That a cultivar carries so many local names is a sign of long presence in one geography.

Memecik serves both oil and table use; fruit picked at the green stage is processed Spanish-style for the table. For its measured values see our Memecik page.

What the document constrains

On production the document is brief but firm: the oil must be obtained in a thermal environment that does not alter the olive's own characteristics, using only mechanical or physical operations — washing, decanting, centrifugation and filtration.

And one flat prohibition: no chemical process may be applied.

Plant type is left open — continuous systems and traditional methods meeting hygiene requirements are both accepted. Here the document binds the outcome rather than the technology, an approach common in registrations of that period.

Why it matters

Güney Ege is the region that forms the centre of gravity of Turkish production for both table and oil use. Drawing the registration this wide shows a choice: rather than creating a single district brand, it protects the cultivar-geography whole.

For comparison, Tariş's other registration, Kuzey Ege Zeytinyağları (no 392), rests on the Ayvalık cultivar and covers ten localities. Together the two separate the Aegean's two olive worlds: Ayvalık in the north, Memecik in the south.

The area as the document defines it

The short line in the record does not give the registration's full boundary. The document's own definition reads:

t; :79 :29.04.2003 :C 2003/016 29.07.2004 : Menşe Adı : S. S. Tariş Zeytin ve Zeytinyağı Tarım Satış Kooperatifleri Birliği : 1492 Sok. No: 14 Alsancak İZMİR : GÜNEY EGE ZEYTİNYAĞLARI : İzmir/Foça, Menemen, Kemalpaşa, Ödemiş, Tire, Torbalı, Bayındır, Selçuk; Aydın/Kuşadası, Ortaklar, Germencik, Erbeyli, İncirliova, Köşk, Nazilli, Kuyucak, Atça, Sultanhisar, Buharkent, Yenipazar, Koçarlı, Söke, Dalama, Çine, Bozdoğan; Muğla/Milas, Yatağan, Bodrum, Fethiye, Ortaca, Köyceğiz, Marmaris, Dalaman ilçelerini kapsayan bölge Kullanılacağı ürün : Zeytinyağı Teknik özellikleri ve denetim biçimi ekte verilen coğrafi işaret 29.07.2004 tarih ve 25537 sayılı Resmi Gazete'de ilan edilmiş ve 555 sayılı Coğrafi İşaretlerin Korunması Hakkındaki Kanun Hükmünde Kararname'nin 12 nci maddesi gereğince 29.07.2004 tarihinden geçerli olmak üzere tescil edilmiştir. Uzman : Hakan Kızıltepe 27/04/2006 KY Dai. Bşk. : Kutay Kumbasar 27/04/2006 TÜRK PATENT (ENSTİTÜSÜ

The production steps in the document

The registration describes production step by step. The document's own sequence:

1. Natürel Zeytinyağı — Zeytin ağacı meyvesinden doğal niteliklerinde bir değişikliğe neden olmayacak bir ısıl ortamda sadece yıkama, sızdırma, santrifüj ve filtrasyon işlemleri gibi mekanik veya fiziksel işlemler uygulanarak elde edilen, berrak, sarıdan…

2. Natürel Sızma Zeytinyağı — Zeytin ağacı meyvesinden doğal niteliklerinde bir değişikliğe neden olmayacak bir ısıl ortamda sadece yıkama, sızdırma, santrifüj ve filtrasyon işlemleri gibi mekanik veya fiziksel işlemler uygulanarak elde edilen, berrak, sarıdan…

3. Natürel Birinci Zeytinyağı — Zeytin ağacı meyvesinden doğal niteliklerinde bir değişikliğe neden olmayacak bir ısıl ortamda sadece yıkama, sızdırma, santrifüj ve filtrasyon işlemleri gibi mekanik veya fiziksel işlemler uygulanarak elde edilen, berrak, sarıdan…

4. Natürel İkinci Zeytinyağı — Zeytin ağacı meyvesinden doğal niteliklerinde bir değişikliğe neden olmayacak bir ısıl ortamda sadece yıkama, sızdırma, santrifüj ve filtrasyon işlemleri gibi mekanik veya fiziksel işlemler uygulanarak elde edilen, berrak, sarıdan…

5. Ham Zeytinyağı — Serbest yağ asitliği Yo3.3'ten düşük bile olsa tat, koku ve aroması iyi olmayan, kusur içeren ve bu özellikleri nedeniyle doğrudan tüketime uygun olmayan rafinasyon işlemine tabi tutulması gereken zeytinyağları ham zeytinyağı tanımına…

6. Rafine Zeytinyağı — Yüksek asitli, istenmeyen tat ve kokuda olan ham zeytinyağları, fiziksel rafinasyon işleminden geçirilir.

7. Riviera Zeytinyağı — Rafine zeytinyağı ile natürel zeytinyağlarının belli oranlarda karıştırılmasıyla elde edilen, yeşilden sarıya değişebilen renkte, kendine özgü tat ve kokuda olan, serbest yağ asitliği en çok 9b 1,5 olan zeytinyağıdır.

8. Organik Natürel Zeytinyağı — Geleneksel natürel zeytinyağı üretiminin dışında, organik kabul edilmeyen hiçbir tarım ilacı, hormon, gübre kullanılmaksızın sadece organik tarım yöntemleri uygulanan alanlarda organik zeytinyağı (ekolojik, biyolojik zeytinyağı olarak…

That this sequence is binding is what separates a geographical indication from a trade mark: a mark says who produced something, a geographical indication also sets down how it must be produced.

The cultivar behind it, measured

The registration is granted to a place, but the cultivar the definition rests on has measurable values:

PropertyValue
1 kg’daki tane sayısı210
Et oranı%88
Et / çekirdek oranı5,86
Et/çekirdek oranı6,7
Yağ oranı%25-28
Toplam fenol296-407 mg CAE/kg
α-tokoferol219-324 mg/kg
OlgunlaşmaKasım ortası - aralık ortası
Kendine verimlilikKısmi
Soğuğa dayanımOrta
KullanımYağlık; yeşil ve siyah sofralık olarak da tüketilir
Ağaçyarı dik, kuvvetli

Oil content reaches 28% at the top of its range — on its own enough to justify pressing. The cultivar is partially self-fertile; pollinators are used to secure yield. A flesh-to-stone ratio of 5.86 is the basic measure of how much of a table olive is actually eaten.

Its place in İzmir's olive production

ItemValue
Fruit production485,275 t
— for oil440,096 t
— for the table45,179 t
Olive oil production70,767 t
Trees18,177 thousand
Yield per tree26.7 kg

91% of the province's fruit goes to oil. An oil-based registration matches how the province actually produces.

Source: Turkish Patent and Trademark Office, Geographical Indication Registration Certificate No 79 — Güney Ege Zeytinyağları. The certificate is a scan, so the text was read by optical character recognition; percentage values could not be read reliably and are therefore not reproduced.

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